تويت
Exploits the historical province of Tata, Morocco
Introduction
Tata region extends over an area: 25,925 square kilometers ofthe southern slopes of the Atlas to the desert outskirts of the liberated, and with a population of 121,618 people, including82,558 people in the rural area compared to 39,060 people in theurban area, according to statistics in 2004. Bounded regions ofTiznit, Guelmim Taroudant province to the west and north, regionalZagora and Ouarzazate in the north-east and south of the territory of Assa-Zag and the Moroccan-Algerian border in the east andsouth-east. The population of the region is divided between four municipalities: Tata and AQA mouth mouth Zakid fort and 16 rural communes and more than 250 Mdhra.
Tata region extends over an area: 25,925 square kilometers ofthe southern slopes of the Atlas to the desert outskirts of the liberated, and with a population of 121,618 people, including82,558 people in the rural area compared to 39,060 people in theurban area, according to statistics in 2004. Bounded regions ofTiznit, Guelmim Taroudant province to the west and north, regionalZagora and Ouarzazate in the north-east and south of the territory of Assa-Zag and the Moroccan-Algerian border in the east andsouth-east. The population of the region is divided between four municipalities: Tata and AQA mouth mouth Zakid fort and 16 rural communes and more than 250 Mdhra.
Tata is the territory of the oldest centers of Human Development in Morocco, where he settled the rights since the very ancient eras, and this is confirmed by the rock carvings and stone tools are found in all parts of the region. He remained for several centuries one of the main themes of the ancient desert trade, and a channel of the most important channels through which that deal with Morocco, South Africa, the Moroccan Sahara. Since pre-history was the passage of so-called road vehicles, which would later be called the path of Amthonaon, and the increased role of importance in this field, particularly after the construction of the city Tmdavlat famous time Idrisids, a city that was one of the most important stations convoys to Sudan, access by the rest of Morocco, has been play this role to the limits of the ninth century Ashralmiladi, and contributed to the transfer of cultural influences between Morocco and Africa.
In addition to that contributed to the territory of Tata in building the Islamic culture and civilization in Morocco mediated corners and schools antique multiple flourished where the scientific movement, and reached some significant degree of fame and visibility, and provided men and personalities scientific positions such as Abdullah ibn Yasin, Sheikh Altmanarta and grandchildren, Mohamed bin Mubarak Aloquaoui and his grandson Sidi Abdullah bin Mubarak Al-Hussein, scientists and scholars potato Jacobite families Ntatlt my mother and so on.
Thus Frach history of the region and the roles of economic, scientific, and religious and multi-ethnic and cultural backgroundsof its population, are all factors that gave him an important assetand diverse heritage.
- Historical monuments:
Region is characterized by Tata, with a rich archaeological history stands witness to the cultural heritage, and tells the visitor about the experiences and prospects of rights in the region, and most prominent of these historical monuments are:
A - sites the effects of pre-history:
Identified a number of important archaeological sites dating back to prehistoric times along the Draa Valley. These sites contain significant quantities of stone tools made by prehistoric man from clay. Have been used for various purposes related to the various sizes and forms, which is similar to other stone tools in prehistoric sites in Morocco. These tools is a polished stones used to cut like knives or chisel-fishing spears and arrows, in addition to their use as tools to repair the skins of animals, drilling and engraving on stone.
Despite the lack of adequate information for makers of these tools, and the evolution of the conditions of their lives and livelihood due to lack of advanced studies in this area, some preliminary observations of these pieces of stone reclaimed confirmed its affiliation to the Old Stone Age, which may reach back to more than one million years BC . It is clear from the vast area of the geographical area covered by the sites of this age along the basin and the Draa Valley, the territory that Tata did not know a human stable for more than a million years, but also known and extensive presence of the human race on a large scale.
If this indicates anything, it shows on the availability of highly favorable living conditions in the region at that time allowed people to get their needs sufficient food and water in a rainforest and grassland. Perhaps this confirms the minus fees engraved on the rock an important number of sites along the Jebel Bani and aspects of the Draa River. Among these animals, a variety of fees Kalfelh, giraffes, deer, ox, and rhinoceros, deer, antelope, ostrich ... They suggest including the tremendous region of water and forests in the prehistoric period.
These are fees or rock carvings as well as stone tools, one of the most important features of cultural heritage that abound in the region. Among the most important sites that host a significant number of rock inscriptions are, for example but not limited to: sites surrounding groups Tkzimirt, Addis, or Cardan near the center of the region, sites adjacent to the groups Tmanart, Mr. Abdullah bin Mubarak, Tazonin, White, outwear, municipalities AQA mouth fort of the Department of AQA addition to the sites and groups Tcent Kom Zakid Department of mouth.
If the main subject prominent on the rocks carved animals portrayed to us, Vantrivh portray the latter vary from site to site.Vahjammeha may be small or large decorated with lines and dots, or polished. There are other inscriptions depicting scenes of hunting we see them as a person or a group of men in pursuit of an animal or a herd of animals. Scenes and is important in view of the expression of the practice methods of fishing, one of the highlights that shaped the lives of human Neolithic (7000 to 2000 years BC).
While some of the other inscriptions are of particular importance because it represents the characters of ancient writing known as the Amazigh Tevenag. And Bapetkarh to this new way to communicate the region may be a human being so out of prehistoric times to the historical period.
- Historic buildings:
Behind the exploits of a number of rights and facilities of urban region that indicate the level of civilization and the circumstances of his life, and reflect the taste and the level of mentality and thinking, and perhaps the most prominent of these facilities include:
Ancient cities:
Talking stories about cities ceased to exist in different parts of the region, and perhaps the most famous city Tmdavlat founded by Abdullah bin Idris in the fourth century AH near the town of AQA current. The city flourished during the Almoravid and Almohad and Marinid after they belong to the period in Sijilmassa Idrisid.
Has played multiple roles in the history of these civilizations, in the military field were the walls and towers a fort and a military strategic control center of the routes to and from the south-east of Morocco.
And in the economic domain as a station to link trade between Morocco and sub-Saharan Africa, formed an important station in the center of caravan routes coming from or bound for Sudan.Tmdavlat also flourished, and benefited from its presence in a region rich in lead and silver were, as a center to extract the metal ore from the mines nearby and then manufacture and sell.Perhaps the sheer number of remains of metal covering the site of the city to the largest directory on the role of industrial Tmdavlat. It also turned Tmdavlat thanks to abundant water and fertile land - referred to by historians lived through a period of prosperity and Kalpchri Batman - to the orchards and fields made it an important center Vlahia.
City Tamdavlat
Forts (Acodar):
This is the old buildings as warehouses mass adoption in the form of castles with towers, consisting mostly of several layers,and contains several rooms used by the families of the village to store their savings from grain or things precious Kahali, jewelry, and used these forts for the purposes of defense in the case ofpopulation exposure to external attack . And some still exist todayin some villages of the region retains some of its functions as isthe case with the tribes and the group Isaven Tkmot.
Palaces, towers and towns:
We have had many of the conflicts that erupted in the past between the tribes and Doawir the region to acquire sources of water and pasture have an important role in the construction of many buildings of a military nature. Perhaps one of the most prominent: the palaces and towns that are showing a dramatic manifestation of the architecture of the region. It is a fortified houses and villages, surrounded by high walls interspersed with relatively doors and towers will be built according to the Court of Engineering. Organized within the premises of the village walls along the narrow corridors and wide-sometimes at other times covered or open-end center of the village square. This scene is a space where people meet for the evening live concerts by folk dancing and singing, which is part of a pattern of living people of the region. It is worth mentioning that the documents and precious historical manuscripts held in the majority of corners and tubing region. We refer also to the multiplicity of forms and methods used in the defense of these buildings In addition to the strengthened walls towers, some towns have worked to inform themselves deep trenches to hinder progress towards the enemy walls Example Tkadirt Augnag dizzy Teite south of Addis group Tata. It also strengthened the protection of the other to choose a location surrounded by mountains such as the group Ait outwear, and chose the other peaks heights tubing to ensure for themselves more protection rod example Tdacost and South Tmzrart group Ait outwear. In the following description of the Qsptin represent two different types of private construction Balqbbat Tata province or deficiencies. One is a fortress and the other is a village, and are, respectively:
Tkami Nachled or Tkadirt Augnag (shin Sultan):
Are on the right bank of the Wadi Tata in the interface corresponding to the rotor Teite to the south of the city of Tata. It is a four-building shape, surrounded by high walls enhanced surveillance towers in the four corners. Also surrounded by a deep trench he was playing the role of the security zone of the historic castle. The main entrance is designed in the form of the center tower faced south, and connecting bridge to cross the trench. There are many remains of buildings covering the floor of the castle interior of the mosque and the most important houses and wells.
Village or rod Aljpayr:
Aljpayr village is located at a distance of nearly 20 km from the city of Tata in the direction of the southern oases (Gen. wind - Ongriv - Tazart - or Cardan). Casbah was built in the seventeenth century AD by the Sidi Ali Ben Ahmed, one of the descendants of Abu Obeid-Allah-east corner of the founder father of Acharquaouih Ja'd, and increased expansion in the nineteenth century. This village has embraced many of the luxury buildings with upper floors, doors and decorative arches built by the notorious dealers who stalk the desert caravan trade with the country of Sudan (present Mali). It also includes other neighborhoods and the families of the slave cotton from the peasants of the Casbah. There Bzawitha North West corner of a mosque and the effects. Reed fence surrounds Aljpayr punctuated by three doors
- The traditional role:
Traditional role of the region is characterized by the diversity ofengineering and construction method. And vary according to the region where they are present and the physical level of thepopulation. The traditional buildings in the region that is calledTbooihyatin. It is a large inhabited houses and big traders andagents. Surrounded by square and the wall of external and built from the lower house and other overhead. The building consists ofa square courtyard surrounded by a portico decorated with archesand ceilings with motifs and colors, and mediates the walls smallrooms with doors, and a rammed earth and stone of basic construction materials for traditional houses.
- Shrines and schools, ancient and angles:
Spread in the region a large number of shrines and angles based on the form of domes, built by the villagers to commemorate Rjalathm of the Sufis, which is similar in all parts of the region in terms of geometry, as in the form of Rooms square-roofed round and shown sometimes with carvings and decorations indicative of what arrived the area of human skill in the art of architecture also adorn the inside of the lines and geometric shapes colored in black and purple. In addition to the religious role in the dissemination of the teachings of Islam in the region carried out angles other educational roles of schools made the pilgrimage to students from every direction. This has included the role of schools published angles and Science Quran and Sunnah and Fiqh, literature and grammar. And has a strong social role when it provided shelter to science students, visitors from far away, and formed a meeting place for tribal people in the seasons and religious festivals. Flourished scientific movement angles and the Territory's schools obsolete, and reached some degree of great fame and visibility, and produced men and personalities scientific positions such as Abdullah ibn Yasin, who laid the foundations of the State of the Almoravids and Sheikh Altmanarta and grandchildren, Mohamed bin Mubarak Aloquaoui and his grandson Sidi Abdullah bin Mubarak and scientists Al Hussein potato Jacobite families, scientists, etc. Ntatlt my mother. Among the most prominent of these angles are:
- Angle bin and the school Hsain antique Agadir happiness Tata Municipality.
- Angle of the eyes and water-Sheikh Sidi Ali Boajabirh group or Cardan.
- Antique Petkmot school (next to the tomb of Sir Daniel).
- Angle of Sidi Mohamed Ben Ibrahim Altmanarta Pettmnart.
- School and the angle of Mghimima and Benmoussa Tcent of the group.
- Angle of Mawas and Serbs Baltlat.
- Angle of Sidi Abdel Nabi Bolcolm.
- School and the angle of Sidi Mohamed Ben-Jacob.
- Angle of Sidi Abdullah bin Mubarak.
- School Mohdir antique Bisaven.
Silos:
Adding to the richness of architectural heritage of the territory ofTata incorporates the Somotain Kadimtin Zuta building is distinctive and are:
Conclusion
The Tata province's cultural heritage is rich and diverse heritage, and perhaps the most important sets it apart from the rest of the points of the kingdom, able to withstand the challenges of globalization, technological development and preserving to a large extent on its originality and identity.
The strengths of the other characteristic of this heritage components of many of the exploits of various historical, Kalnqosh rock their numbers large, and towns Bosoarha towers and mud, and ruins of the warehouses of collective roles of economic, social, and old mosques and minarets and angles Bhendsthe distinctive and traditional houses luxury of them and simple without losing sight of ancient cities and customstraditional and folk arts and manual skills handed down from father to son over hundreds of years.
Adding to this momentum traditional type of diversity embodied in different terrain and landscapes and the multiplicity of races and languages, in addition to the rich history full of exciting events and influential not only for the region but in other corners of Morocco.
Making it the province of Tata may include aspects of a civilized rarely found combined in one geographical area.
But we must in turn recognize the danger of the disappearance of this heritage if they continued to lack of awareness of the true value and if it continues the population in the systematic destruction of what was succeeded by her grandparents.
So you escape the heritage of the region, it is the priorities that must be undertaken:
Inventory of all types of cultural heritage of the region.
Encourage pupils and students to do research in the field of history and heritage of Tata.
Make the people feel the importance of cultural heritage them and invite them to cherish, protect and preserve it.
The need for the involvement of communities, authorities and civil society groups in projects for the restoration and maintenance of historic buildings and the protection of sites and rock carvings thought in completing plans for the rehabilitation of cultural tourism.
Encourage the associations to make a special local heritage museums transferred (ancient traditional instruments, doors, jewelry, manuscripts, documents ...) to prevent trade in and smuggled out of the region.
Legislation specifies sanctions laws against smugglers of restraining heritage and destroy the perpetrators.
Involvement in education in the process of definition of the importance of cultural heritage with a view to maintaining and investing in local development, and suggest that the focus is on the following points:
Preserve the rock carvings sites not ventured children to distort or draw it, and to organize school trips to coordination with the Delegation of the Ministry of Culture.
Spread the spirit of pride on the region and the architectural heritage in the hearts of the disciples.
Urged the students to stick to the older tools, including pottery, metal and wood located Baldoawir to prevent the sale pittance for itinerant vendors.
Invitation to reflect on practical ways to invest in the cultural product in the field of local development (tourism, for example), giving examples of successful projects of this kind Korzazac neighboring territories and Zagora.
