تويت
Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt
Ancient Egypt History
Perhaps the invasion of the Middle Kingdom had brought another rejuvenation by the infusion of fresh blood; but at the same time the new age marked the beginning of a thousand-year struggle betwen Egypt and Western Asia.
Thutmose I not only consolidated the power of the new empire, but on the ground that western Asia must be controlled to prevent further interruptions, invaded Syria, subjugated it from the coast to Carchemish, put it under guard and tribute, and returned to Thebes laden with spoils and the glory that always comes from the killing of men.
At the end of his thirty years reign he raised his daughter Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt to partnership with him on the throne.For a time her husband and step brother ruled as Thutmose II, and dying, named as his successor Thutmose III, son of Thutmose I by a concubine.But Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt set this high destined youngster aside, assumed full royal powers, and proved herself a king in everything but gender.Even this exception was not conceded by her.Since sacred tradition required that every Egyptian ruler should be a son of the great god Amon, Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt arranged to be made at once male and divine.A biography was invented for her by which Amon had descended upon Hatshepsut's mother Ahmasi in a flood of perfume and light;his attentions had been gratefully received; and on his departure he had announced that Ahmasi would give birth to a daughter in whom all the valor and strength of the god would be made manifest on earth.To satisfy the prejudices of her people, and perhaps the secret desire of her heart, the great Queen had herself represented on the monuments as a bearded and breastless warrior; and though the inscriptions referred to her with the feminine pronoun, they did not hesitate to speak of her as "Son of the Sun" and "Lord of the Two Lands."
"Find of century' for Egyptology - mummy of Hatshepsut,"Egyptologists say they have identified the 3,000-year-old mummy of Hatshepsut, Egypt's most famous female ruler.
Released 27th June 2007
Egyptologists say they have identified the 3,000-year-old mummy of Hatshepsut, Egypt's most famous female ruler.
Egypt's antiquities chief Zahi Hawass made the official announcement at a packed news conference in Cairo on the 27th June 2007.It is being billed as the biggest archaeological find in Egypt since the 1922 discovery of Tutankhamen's tomb.Archaeologists hope the mummy of Hatshepsut, which has lain unrecognised for decades, will yield clues about the mystery of her death and subsequent disappearance
Mr Hawass has set up a DNA lab near the museum with an international team of scientists to verify the identification.The study was funded by the US television channel Discovery which is to broadcast a documentary on the subject in July.An important piece of the evidence is said to be that the mummy has a missing tooth, and the gap matches exactly an existing relic, a preserved tooth engraved with Hatshepsut's name.ObliteratedHatshepsut was an important 18th Dynasty ruler in the 15th Century BC, having usurped her stepson, Thutmosis III.She was known for dressing like a man and wearing a false beard, and was more powerful than either of her more famous female successors, Nefertiti and Cleopatra.Hatshepsut's temple is one of Egypt's most visited monuments Hatshepsut's funerary temple is one of the most visited monuments around the pharaonic necropolis of the Valley of the Kings in Upper Egypt.But after her death, her name was obliterated from the records in what is believed to have been her stepson's revenge.
The mummy was found in Tomb KV60, said to be one of the more perplexing tombs in the Valley of the Kings because itcontained two unidentified mummies, both of them women.The tomb was first discovered by Howard Carter in 1903, but it had been ransacked in antiquity and he resealed it. It was re-opened in 1906 and one mummy was removed and identified as Sit-ra, royal nurse of Hatshepsut.The mummy now said to be of Hatshepsut herself was left behind and did not see the light again until 1990.Speculation that it is was her was fuelled by the fact the mummy's left arm was bent in a pose thought to mark royal burials and it wore a wooden face-piece (possibly to fit a false beard).Difficult processSome archaeologists have expressed scepticism about the possibility of using DNA technology to identify the queen."It's a very difficult process to obtain DNA from a mummy," US molecular biologist Scott Woodward was quoted as saying by AP news agency."To make a claim as to a relationship, you need other individuals from which you have obtained DNA, to make a comparison between the DNA sequences."DNA is the molecule that contains genetic information in all organisms and can used to establish family relationships.In modern times, Hatshepsut's temple was the location of the 1997 Luxor massacre when Islamic militants gunned down 58 foreign tourists, as well as three Egyptian policemen and a tour guide.
When she appeared in public she dressed in male garb, and wore a beard
When she appeared in public she dressed in male garb, and wore a beard.
She had a right to determine her own sex, for she became one of the most successful and beneficent of Egypt's many rulers. She maintained internal order without undue tyranny, and external peace without loss.She organized a great expedition to Punt (presumably the eastern coast of Africa), giving new markets to her merchants and new delicacies to her oeonle. She helned to beautify Karnak. raised there two maiestic obelisks.
Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt built at Der-el-Bahri the stately temple which her father had designed, and repaired some of the damage that had been done to older temples by the Hyksos kings."I have restored that which was in ruins," one of her proud inscriptions tells us; "I have raised up that which was unfinished since the Asiatics were in the midst of the Northland, overthrowing that which had been made."Finally Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt built for herself a secret and ornate tornb among the sand-swept mountains on the western side of the Nile, in what came to be called "The Valley of the Kings' Tombs";Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt succes sors followed her example, until some sixty royal sepulchres had been cut into the hills, and the city of the dead began to rival living Thebes in population.The "West End" in Egyptian cities was the abode of dead aristocrats; to "go west" meant to die.
Perhaps the invasion of the Middle Kingdom had brought another rejuvenation by the infusion of fresh blood; but at the same time the new age marked the beginning of a thousand-year struggle betwen Egypt and Western Asia.
Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt with Beard
Thutmose I not only consolidated the power of the new empire, but on the ground that western Asia must be controlled to prevent further interruptions, invaded Syria, subjugated it from the coast to Carchemish, put it under guard and tribute, and returned to Thebes laden with spoils and the glory that always comes from the killing of men.
At the end of his thirty years reign he raised his daughter Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt to partnership with him on the throne.For a time her husband and step brother ruled as Thutmose II, and dying, named as his successor Thutmose III, son of Thutmose I by a concubine.But Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt set this high destined youngster aside, assumed full royal powers, and proved herself a king in everything but gender.Even this exception was not conceded by her.Since sacred tradition required that every Egyptian ruler should be a son of the great god Amon, Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt arranged to be made at once male and divine.A biography was invented for her by which Amon had descended upon Hatshepsut's mother Ahmasi in a flood of perfume and light;his attentions had been gratefully received; and on his departure he had announced that Ahmasi would give birth to a daughter in whom all the valor and strength of the god would be made manifest on earth.To satisfy the prejudices of her people, and perhaps the secret desire of her heart, the great Queen had herself represented on the monuments as a bearded and breastless warrior; and though the inscriptions referred to her with the feminine pronoun, they did not hesitate to speak of her as "Son of the Sun" and "Lord of the Two Lands."
Released 27th June 2007
Egyptologists say they have identified the 3,000-year-old mummy of Hatshepsut, Egypt's most famous female ruler.
Egypt's antiquities chief Zahi Hawass made the official announcement at a packed news conference in Cairo on the 27th June 2007.It is being billed as the biggest archaeological find in Egypt since the 1922 discovery of Tutankhamen's tomb.Archaeologists hope the mummy of Hatshepsut, which has lain unrecognised for decades, will yield clues about the mystery of her death and subsequent disappearance
Mr Hawass has set up a DNA lab near the museum with an international team of scientists to verify the identification.The study was funded by the US television channel Discovery which is to broadcast a documentary on the subject in July.An important piece of the evidence is said to be that the mummy has a missing tooth, and the gap matches exactly an existing relic, a preserved tooth engraved with Hatshepsut's name.ObliteratedHatshepsut was an important 18th Dynasty ruler in the 15th Century BC, having usurped her stepson, Thutmosis III.She was known for dressing like a man and wearing a false beard, and was more powerful than either of her more famous female successors, Nefertiti and Cleopatra.Hatshepsut's temple is one of Egypt's most visited monuments Hatshepsut's funerary temple is one of the most visited monuments around the pharaonic necropolis of the Valley of the Kings in Upper Egypt.But after her death, her name was obliterated from the records in what is believed to have been her stepson's revenge.
The mummy was found in Tomb KV60, said to be one of the more perplexing tombs in the Valley of the Kings because itcontained two unidentified mummies, both of them women.The tomb was first discovered by Howard Carter in 1903, but it had been ransacked in antiquity and he resealed it. It was re-opened in 1906 and one mummy was removed and identified as Sit-ra, royal nurse of Hatshepsut.The mummy now said to be of Hatshepsut herself was left behind and did not see the light again until 1990.Speculation that it is was her was fuelled by the fact the mummy's left arm was bent in a pose thought to mark royal burials and it wore a wooden face-piece (possibly to fit a false beard).Difficult processSome archaeologists have expressed scepticism about the possibility of using DNA technology to identify the queen."It's a very difficult process to obtain DNA from a mummy," US molecular biologist Scott Woodward was quoted as saying by AP news agency."To make a claim as to a relationship, you need other individuals from which you have obtained DNA, to make a comparison between the DNA sequences."DNA is the molecule that contains genetic information in all organisms and can used to establish family relationships.In modern times, Hatshepsut's temple was the location of the 1997 Luxor massacre when Islamic militants gunned down 58 foreign tourists, as well as three Egyptian policemen and a tour guide.
When she appeared in public she dressed in male garb, and wore a beard.
She had a right to determine her own sex, for she became one of the most successful and beneficent of Egypt's many rulers. She maintained internal order without undue tyranny, and external peace without loss.She organized a great expedition to Punt (presumably the eastern coast of Africa), giving new markets to her merchants and new delicacies to her oeonle. She helned to beautify Karnak. raised there two maiestic obelisks.
Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt built at Der-el-Bahri the stately temple which her father had designed, and repaired some of the damage that had been done to older temples by the Hyksos kings."I have restored that which was in ruins," one of her proud inscriptions tells us; "I have raised up that which was unfinished since the Asiatics were in the midst of the Northland, overthrowing that which had been made."Finally Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt built for herself a secret and ornate tornb among the sand-swept mountains on the western side of the Nile, in what came to be called "The Valley of the Kings' Tombs";Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt succes sors followed her example, until some sixty royal sepulchres had been cut into the hills, and the city of the dead began to rival living Thebes in population.The "West End" in Egyptian cities was the abode of dead aristocrats; to "go west" meant to die.
