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Civilization of the pharaohs in ancient Egypt Period of time the most complete and de
Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt
The Most Complete and Detailed Timeline
The arragement of the Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt into dynasties is based upon the History which the Egyptian priest Manetho prepared under Ptolemy II in the third century B.C.
The Dynastic Lists have come down to us in the somewhat differing versions of the Christian writers Africanus and Eusebius of the third century A.D. while other passages of the History have been preserved in the work of Flavius Josephus of the first century A.D. (see W. G. Waddell, Manetho, The Loeb Classical Library, 1948). Several Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt lists, such as those which must have been employed by Manetho in preparing his History, have fortunately survived.
Period
Prehistoric
Archaic Period: 3200 to 2680 B.C.
Dynasty II: 2980-2780 B.C.
Dynasty III: 2780-2680 B.C.
Old Kingdom: 2680 to 2258 B.C.
First Intermediate Period: 2258 to 2040 B.C.
Middle Kingdom: 2040 to 1786 B.C.
Second Intermediate Period: 1786 to 1570 B.C.
New Kingdom: 1570 to 1085 B.C.
Period of Decline: 1085 to 663 B.C.
SAITE PERIOD: 663 to 525 B.C.
Foreign Domination
Persian Period: 525 to 332 B.C.
Ptolemaic Period: 332-30 B.C.
Roman period: 30 B.C. to A.D. 324 (Accession of Constantine)
Byzantine or Coptic Period: A.D. 324-640.
The Most Complete and Detailed Timeline
The arragement of the Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt into dynasties is based upon the History which the Egyptian priest Manetho prepared under Ptolemy II in the third century B.C.
The Dynastic Lists have come down to us in the somewhat differing versions of the Christian writers Africanus and Eusebius of the third century A.D. while other passages of the History have been preserved in the work of Flavius Josephus of the first century A.D. (see W. G. Waddell, Manetho, The Loeb Classical Library, 1948). Several Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt lists, such as those which must have been employed by Manetho in preparing his History, have fortunately survived.
Period
Prehistoric
- Before 4000: settlements in the Fayum, at Merimde-Beni-Salame and El Omari in Lower Egypt and at Tasa and Badari in Upper Egypt.
- 4000 B.C. to 3200 B.C.: the emergence from the stone age with the practical use of hardened copper.
- Amratian: also called Early Predynastic or Naqadah I: Petrie's Sequence Dates (SD 30-40)
- Cerzean: also called Naqadah II
Early Gerzean (SD 40-50): corresponds to Middle Predynastic.
Late Gerzean (SD 50-79): includes the ill-defined corpus of objects former¬ly termed Semainean or Late Predynastic and the transitional period leading up to Dynasty I sometimes called Protodynastic (including King Scorpion).
Archaic Period: 3200 to 2680 B.C.
- Dynasty I: 3200-2980 B.C.
- Menas
- Narmer
- Aha
Zer (Ity): 19 + years
Zet
Wedymu (Khasety)
Az-ib (Mer-pa-ba): 20 + years
Semerkhet (Shemsu ?): 9 years
Qay-a (Sen-mu)
Zet
Wedymu (Khasety)
Az-ib (Mer-pa-ba): 20 + years
Semerkhet (Shemsu ?): 9 years
Qay-a (Sen-mu)
Dynasty II: 2980-2780 B.C.
- Ra-neb
Hetep-sekhemuwy
Netery-mu (Ny-neter): 22 + years
Peribsen (Sekhern-ib Per-en-maat)
Sened
Khasekhem
Khasekhemuwy: 17 years
Dynasty III: 2780-2680 B.C.
- Sa-nekht
Neterkhet (Zoser)
Sekhem-khet
Kha-ba (Tety
Neb-ka (Neb-ka-ra)
Huni (Hu): 24 years
Old Kingdom: 2680 to 2258 B.C.
- Dynasty IV: 2680-2565 B.C.
- Sneferu: 24 years
Cheops (Khufu): 23 years
Radedef: 8 years
Chephren (Khafra): 25 (?) years
Bikheris: 1 (?) year
Mycerinus (Menkaura): 28 (?) years
Shepseskaf: 4 years
Thampthis: 2 years
Dynasty V: 2565-2420 B.C.- Weserkaf: 7 years
Sahura: 14 years
Neferirkara: 10 years
Shepseskara (Isy): 7 years
Neferefra: ? years
Ne-user-ra: 30 (?) years
Men-kau-hor: 8 years
Isesy (Zedkara): 39 (?) years
Unas: 30 years
Dynasty VI: 2420-2258 B.C.- Tety: 12 years
Weserkara: 1 (?) year
Pepy I: 49 years: Mernera co-regent in Pepy's 40th year.
Mernera: 14 (?) years; 5 years of reign alone.
Pepy II: 94 (?) years
Mernera II: 1 year
First Intermediate Period: 2258 to 2040 B.C.
- Dynasty VII: Interregnum
Dynasty VIII: (Memphite) 2258-2232
Dynasty IX: (Heracleopolitan) 2232-2140 B.C.
- Khety I (Mer-ib-ra)
13 kings of Turin Papyrus (including Khety II)
Dynasty X: (Heracleopolitan) 2140-2040 B.C. Neferkara
Khety III (Wah-ka-ra)
Merikara
Khety IV (Neb-kau-ra)
- Contemporaneous with Dynasty X:
- Dynasty XI in South: 2134-2040
- Mentuhotep I (Tepy-aa)
Intef I (Seher-tawy)
Intef II (Wah-ankh): 2118-2068
Intef III (Nekht-neb-tep-nefer): 2068-2061
Mentuhotep II (Neb-hepet-ra): 2061-2040
- (who bore Horus names Se-ankh-ib-tawy, Neter-hedjet, Sema-tawy)
Fall of Heracleopolis to Mentuhotep II: 2040
Middle Kingdom: 2040 to 1786 B.C.
- Dynasty XI: United Egypt: 2040-1991
- Mentuhotep II: 2040-2010
Mentuhotep III (Se-ankh-kara): 2010-1998
Civil wars plus short reign of- Mentuhotep IV (Neb-tawy-ra): 1998-1991
Dynasty XII: 1991-1786 B.C.- Amenemhat I (Sehetep-ib-ra): 1991-1962
Sesostris I (Kheper-ka-ra): 1971-1928
Amenemhat II (Neb-kau-ra): 1929-1895
Sesostris II (Kha-kheper-ra): 1897-1878
Sesostris III (Kha-kau-ra): 1878-1842
Amenemhat III (Ny-maat-ra): 1842-1797
Amenemhat IV (Maat-kheru-ra): 1798-1789
Queen Sebek-neferura: 1789-1786
Second Intermediate Period: 1786 to 1570 B.C.
- Dynasties XIII-XIV: 1786-1680
- Period of political disintegration: circa 30 kings
Dynasties XV-XVI (Hyksos): 1720-1570 B.C.
(Local rulers at Thebes forming Dynasty XVI)- Khian (Se-weser-en-ra)
Apepi (Aa-weser-ra)
Apepi (Neb-khepesh-ra)
Aa-seh-ra
Apepi (Aa-kenen-ra)
Dynasty XV11: 1600-1570 B.C.- Taa-aa
Taa-ken (Sekenenra)
Kamose (Waz-kheper-ra)
New Kingdom: 1570 to 1085 B.C.
- Dynasty XVIII: 1570-1349
- Ahmosel: 1570-1545
Amenhotep I: 1545-1525
Tuthmosis I: 1525-1508
Tuthmosis II: 1508-1504
Hatshepsut: 1504-1483
Tuthmosis III: 1504-1450
Amenhotep II: 1450-1423
Tuthmosis IV: 1423-1410
Amenhotep III: 1410-1372
Akhenaten: 1372-1355
Between 1355-1342- Semenkhara
Tut-ankh-amon
Ay
Dynasty XIX: 1342-1197- Horemheb: 1342-1314
Ramesses I: 1314-1313
Sety I: 1313-1301
Ramesses II: 1301-1234
Merenptah: 1234-1222
Amen-meses: 1222
Siptah (Merenptah): 1222-1216
Sety II: 1216-1210
From 1210-1197- Siptah (Ramesses)
Irsu (?)
Dynasty XX: 1197-1085- Sety-nekht: 1197-1195
Ramesses III: 1195-1164
Ramesses IV-XI: 1164-1085
Period of Decline: 1085 to 663 B.C.
- Dynasty XXI: 1085-950 B.C.
(Tanite Dynasty; priest kings in Thebes)- From 1054-1009
- Smendes
Herihor (Thebes)
From 1054-1009- Psusennes I (Pasebkhanu)
Paynozem (Thebes)
Amen-em-ipet: 1009-1000
Sa-amon: 1000-984
Psusennes II (Pasebkhanu): 984-950
Dynasty XXII: 950-730 B.C.
Bubastite) Libyan kings - Sheshonql: 950-929
Osorkon I: 929-893
Takelot 1: 893-870
Osorkon II: 870-847
Sheshonq II: 847
Takelot II: 847-823
Sheshonq III: 823-772
Pami: 772-767
Sheshonq V: 767-730- Partly contemporaneous with Dynasty XXII:
- Dynasty XXIII: 817 (?)-730 B.C.
- Dates only approximate for following kings.
Pedibast: 817-763
Sheshonq IV: 763-757
Osorkon III: 757-748
Takelot III: 748-730
Rud-amon: 748-730
Osorkon IV: 748-730
Dynasty XXIV: 730-715 B.C.- Tef-nekht: 730-720
Bocchoris (Bakenrenef): 720-715- Partly contemporaneous with Dynasties XXIII—XXIV:
- Dynasty XXV: (Kushite: Ethiopian) 751-656 B.C.
- Kashta
Piankhy: 751-716:Conquest of Egypt: Circa 730
Shabako: 716-701
Shebitku: 701-690
Taharqa:690-664
Tanwetamani: 664-653
Assyrians in Egypt: 671 sack of Memphis under Esarhaddon; 663 sack of Thebes by Ashurbanipal; 658-651 Psamtik I gains control of country.
SAITE PERIOD: 663 to 525 B.C.
- Dynasty XXVI: 663-525 B.C.
- Psamtik I (Wah-ib-ra): 663-609
Necho (Nekau, Wehem-ib-ra): 609-594
Psamtik II (Nefer-ib-ra): 594-588
Apries (Haa-ib-ra): 588-568
Amasis (Ahmes-sa-neith, Khnum-ib-ra): 568-525
Psamtik III (Ankh-ka-en-ra): 525
Foreign Domination
Persian Period: 525 to 332 B.C.
- Dynasty XXVII: 525-404 B.C. FIRST PERSIAN DOMINATION:
- Cambyses: 525-522
Darius I: 522-485
Xerxes: 485-464
Artaxerxes I: 464-424
Darius II: 424-404
Dynasty XXVIII: 404-398 B.C.- Amyrtaios: 404-398
Dynasty XXIX: 398-378 B.C.- Nepheritis I (Naifaaurud): 398-392
Akhoris (Haker): 392-380
Psammouthis (Psamut): 380-379
Nepheritis II (Naifaaurud): 379-378
Dynasty XXX: 378-341 B.C.- Nectanebo I: (Nekht-nebef) 378-360
Teos: 361-359
Nectanebo II (Nekht-hor-heb): 359-341
Dynasty XXXI: 341-332 B.C. SECOND PERSIAN DOMINATION:- Artaxerxes III (Ochos): 341-338
Arses: 338-335
Darius III (Codoman): 335-330
Ptolemaic Period: 332-30 B.C.
- Alexander the Great: 332-323
Ptolemy I (Soter): 323-283
Ptolemy II (Philadelphus): 283-246
Ptolemy III (Euergetes I): 246-221
Ptolemy IV (Philopator): 221-205
Ptolemy V (Epiphanes): 205-180
Ptolemy VI (Philometor) 180-145
Ptolemy VII (Neos Philopator): 145 (Eupator also in 145)
Ptolemy VIII (Euergetes II): 145-116
Ptolemy IX (Soter II): 116-108, 88-80
Ptolemy X (Alexander): 108-88
Ptolemy XI (Alexander): 80
Ptolemy XII (Auletes): 80-51
Ptolemy XIII: 51-48- CleopatraV II
Ptolemy XIV: 47-44- Cleopatra VII
Cleopatra VII: 43(?)-30- Ptolemy XV (Caesarion)
Roman period: 30 B.C. to A.D. 324 (Accession of Constantine)
Byzantine or Coptic Period: A.D. 324-640.
